single-mode VCSELs have the advantages of a wide operating temperature range and high wavelength and polarization stability

Wide Operating Temperature Range:
Single-mode VCSELs exhibit a broader operating temperature range compared to their multi-mode counterparts. This advantage can be attributed to the fundamental design characteristics of single-mode VCSELs, such as their simplified cavity structure and optimized mode control. The single-mode operation ensures that the laser operates efficiently across varying temperatures, making it suitable for applications that demand reliability in extreme environmental conditions.

High Wavelength Stability:
The single-mode operation of VCSELs inherently contributes to high wavelength stability. In single-mode VCSELs, only a single transverse mode is lasing, resulting in a well-defined and stable emission wavelength. This characteristic is particularly valuable in applications where precise and consistent wavelength output is essential, such as optical communication systems and sensing devices.

Polarization Stability:
Single-mode VCSELs also demonstrate high polarization stability due to the symmetry of the transverse mode profile. The single-mode nature ensures a consistent polarization state, making them ideal for applications that require a stable and well-defined polarization, such as in coherent communication systems and certain sensing applications.

The advantages of a wide operating temperature range, high wavelength stability, and polarization stability position single-mode VCSELs as key components in various critical applications, including telecommunications, data centers, and sensing technologies. Their reliability and performance make them a preferred choice in scenarios where environmental variations and precise optical characteristics are crucial.